Tuesday, March 29, 2011

Innocence - A Short Story by Luke Dery


Innocence

He was a man on a mission, but he was only a boy. Covered in sweat yet bearing no fear, this little boy made his way down the dark red brick path. He knew where he needed to go; where he needed to be. It didn’t matter how long he walked, how tired he felt, or how much pain he endured. He would walk on until he was done. Done: it can be called a fool’s word. Nothing is ever really done, for everything constantly endures. Nothing stays the same, so nothing can be done. Well, this boy had already constantly endured, so out of all of us, he was closest to being “done.” And dear God he had to be. This boy didn’t bear a name. Someday, long before in his life, he may have had one. Whatever it was, no one knew, or maybe no one cared. It was entirely possible, as sick as it sounds, that no one wanted him to know. This little boy had been cast about like a boat on a storm-ridden sea. He never stayed in the same place, and he never returned to where he had been. He never saw where he was going; he never knew what he was seeing. To this little child, there were no answers, and there were no questions. Questions were not tolerated.
            The boy had no recollection of his past life. All he could remember was the extent of the previous year, which offered little to reflect upon. All that the boy knew was the dark, cold, and sadness of pain. He ate little, slept barely, and cried much. He didn’t like it when he cried. They didn’t like it when he cried. Who? His leaders; his masters. They were the only people he saw throughout each day. The men in the masks. The masks made of cloth. The boy barely caught a glimpse of them. Three times a day did they visit him in his cramped jail cell. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner, as sparse as they were, were his only company. When the men slowly opened the door to the pitch black cavern, the boy could make out the outlines of their bodies. They slid the plate of food to him from the doorway, with the plate usually losing half of its contents on the way. Then they were gone. Not a word, not a face, and not a smell besides the musty smell of cold food.
            They were men, the boy knew that. They wore magnificently simple costumes that fluttered in the drafts of the boy’s cell. However, all the boy could distinguish was the outline of a fine mask. A square mask, fitted for the human head. It was a beautifully scary mask.
            He tried to escape many times. They didn’t like when he tried to escape. There were no windows in the boy’s cell, so the only way out was the door. The door was locked, and the cell was so dark that even the feel of the frigid cold was lost in its black hole. But yes, he had tried to get away from the madness of this jail. One time, when the men opened the door to give him his food, the boy slipped by under their feet after hiding himself in the shade of the moldy wall. They caught him. He was doomed from the start of his plan. After being in the dark for so long, his eyes were not ready to face even the faintest light on Earth. It hurt, it burned, and the boy squealed.
            The men weren’t bad men. When they caught the boy they didn’t bring him any pain. They just simply stared at him. It was still dark, but he could feel them breathing around him. He could feel their eyes. He tried to touch one of the men once, but it always seemed as if they were the air itself. Untouchable. So they stood and stared at the boy. Once, one of them patted his back, and ruffled his long, dirty hair. They seemed so strange, but they were normal to the boy. They brought him no pain, yet they led him to so much misery.
            Today he was let go. Today he sees light. That little boy has freedom, but only the freedom to serve. The men let him free. They never even told him what to do. The men simply placed a package in the boy’s hand and let him out of his muggy cage. Somehow, the boy knew his task. It needed to be done, and he knew that.
            As he walked through the streets of the city for the first time in months, the boy heard commotion about the population of people. People were talking. It seemed as if people never stopped talking. He heard whispers of the power struggle against the king. Many people did not want the blood line to continue. They wanted change, and it was a change that no heir could bring. Talks of upheavals and assassinations roamed around the boy’s ears. But he wasn’t scared; he hadn’t been in a long time.
            He kept walking, as if he knew where to go. It scared him though, because he knew exactly where he should be heading, and he obeyed his guiding mind. The boy saw a man sitting and reading a newspaper. The man was tall in stature, and was wearing a brown hat. His jacket was also brown and bore shining buttons. The man was reading aloud about the king, presumably talking to a lovely lady nearby.
            “Ah, Bessie, here’s another load of bull,” he said, revealing his strangely spitting dialect.
            “Old King up there says he’s lost something, something pretty dear to him, but he won’t say a word about what it is. What do you make of that, Bessie?”
            The woman rolled her eyes, seeming more annoyed by the man than the sentence he had just read.
            “Harold, you know that man’s a coward,” she groaned in an utmost nasty manner.
“He’s trying to win sympathy from the people. Sucking up to us like a baby. Damn him, the coward. After what he did, no one’s going to believe his fake tears.”
            The boy moved on. He had never lost anything, but he had never owned anything either. “Things” were unnecessary.
            Finally, he was there. The boy stood at the front door of an old cottage. The shingles on the roof were cracking and falling to the ground. The windows were fogged and dented by heat, and the bricks in the wall looked far too weak for safety. The door was open, so the boy walked in. Someone must have been there before. Everyone shuts their doors, so something must have been amiss.
The boy approached the kitchen to find it was clear. There was no food, no people, and no supplies whatsoever. The table was split down the middle, and the chairs were missing various legs. The boy determined that this was not the place, so he moved towards the stairs.
The stairs were covered in dirt like snow after a storm. They creaked and they cracked as the boy made his way up them. He didn’t wince with the noise, but instead he enjoyed it. It was nice to hear things for as change, opposed to the eerie silence that had dominated his life so far. He reached the peak of the staircase quite quickly. He could move very fast. A light was shining down the upstairs hallway. It sparkled against the smelly walls, and the boy almost smiled. He caught his lapse in emotion, and moved towards the flickering light.
The room’s door was wide open, and the boy snuck in. In the room kneeling by the bed was a man. He was presumably praying, and the boy could hear both his whispers and his howls of sadness. The man knitted words and sobs together so tight that one left the other helpless to making sense. He was an astute looking man. Being well-dressed and clean, the boy assumed he was educated. The boy just stared at him.
The package. It ran through the small boy’s mind. He bit off the sealing of the package and spit it on the floor, then began the process of slowly unwrapping the item. Whatever it was, it smelled of pain. The boy took out the item and threw the wrapping to the floor. The item was a silver gadget, seemingly equipped with many features. It had a grip and a nozzle, and it fit perfectly to the hand. There were switches on it, but it seemed that none of them needed to be activated. The boy didn’t know how, but he knew what he had to do. Absolutely silent, he approached the sobbing man. He took the item, and pointed it at the man’s head. His target was full of clean locks of curly hair. The boy had similar hair, but it was weighed down and deformed by uncleanliness.
The boy didn’t know what would happen, but he readied himself as he held the item up to the man’s curly head. Then, the man turned and stared. With his blue eyes, the target stared into the boy’s eyes with sorrow. Then, the man became suddenly happy, and his mouth moved but could not produce words. The boy felt something in his head, or maybe in his body. It was a strange feeling; a good one. He hadn’t felt that ever, and it made him angry. Then the man smiled at him and began to mutter.
“Inocious? Oh my dear! Is it you?” said the man, almost in tears.
            That name. It didn’t sit well with the boy. It sounded so familiar and so comforting. He loved the feeling it gave him. The boy was scared, for he wasn’t used to the sensation that he was experiencing. He wasn’t himself or what he was told to be, and this man, the man who suddenly could control his feelings, was making him feel so lost and confused, so happy yet angry. He couldn’t take it. The boy hated feelings.
A loud bang was heard in the distance. Not a bang of happiness, but of pain. But happiness in itself and the desire to acquire it leads to pain. So maybe the shot that day was of happiness. Happiness found, or happiness lost, no one can say. The only ones that can say refuse to. They hear and stare blankly, pleasure not a familiar or needed feeling. As a symbol of what they are, they wear the blank square masks.

(© Luke Dery 2011)

Friday, March 25, 2011

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The Dentist's Nightmare (The Cavity Vaccine)


            The child was frightened all day. He knew what was coming. His mother warned him about brushing, but he hated it. Thinking back, it would have been a better choice to suffer at the whims of nasty toothbrush bristles than to endure the torture of which he was headed. What was this activity that instilled fear into the small boy? It was the dreaded trip to the dentist. This adventure usually occurs every six months, but the horrific nature of the little boy’s teeth required imminent dental care. He had cavities. The boy begged that his teeth could be cured miraculously. However, he knew that he could not eat bundles of candy and not suffer this dental calamity. Or, maybe he can, with the newly researched cavity vaccine.
            Dental cavities, or caries, are a common problem in the U.S. It seems like everyone has to get a filling at least once in their life. In fact, 98 percent of Americans have caries by their fortieth birthday (Kranz, n.d.). Also, 25 percent of Americans end up with missing teeth because of dental cavities (Hemphill, 2004).
            Dental caries is an infectious disease that is caused by bacteria in the human mouth. Children are born with a sterile mouth. When children turn 18 to 36 months old, bacteria begins to form in their mouth. This includes many types of bacteria, but the main perpetrator for the formation of caries is a bacteria named streptococci mutans. These bacteria feed off sugar, which is present in the human mouth due to the consumption of foods. When the mutans streptococci bacteria eat the sugars, they react to produce acids that eat away at teeth. If you see plaque on your teeth, it’s not just food from your most recent meal. In fact, it’s a mixture formed by the reaction of the mutans streptococci bacteria and the sugars (Kranz, n.d.).
            A group of scientists have been trying to reduce the impact of dental caries. Dr. Martin Taubman, Dr. Daniel Smith, and a team of research scientists at The Forsyth Dental Institute in Boston have been at work for the past thirty years trying to “cure” one of the most common infections in the United States. The doctors found that the human immune system can be utilized to destroy dental caries, similar to how it fights off many other bodily infections and sicknesses. As with many other bodily problems, vaccines can be used to prevent certain illnesses to ever overtake the body. Vaccines give the body a sampling of the antigen to prepare the antibodies if the real antigen comes along, and the approach to preventing dental caries is similar (Kranz, n.d.). The new vaccine would contain antigens which would stimulate the body to attack the bacteria that causes cavities (Robinson, 2007). Drs. Taubman and Smith experimented with sucrose and mutans streptococci and eventually discovered that when they combined the bacteria and sucrose, the amount of plaque that developed could be limited by the addition of an antibody of glucosyltransferase (Kranz, n.d.). This enzyme, called GTF, allows tooth decay-causing bacteria to accumulate on teeth and leads to the most significant immune response out of all the tested antigens (Shivakumar, 2009). The vaccine kindles immunity in the GTF enzyme, making it almost impossible for the mouth bacteria to stay on the teeth (Brown, 2002).
            Next came the testing. The scientists injected glucosyltransferase as an antigen into the salivary glands of rats (Shivakumar, 2009). The scientists found that the small creatures obtained less dental caries than rats that had not received the new vaccine. After testing their immunization on the rats, the scientists moved to humans. Twenty-five college students volunteered to be immunized with the vaccine or to be a part of the control group. Before the experiment, the students received a thorough dental cleaning to remove all mutans streptococci bacteria. Over a 42 day span, Dr. Traubman found a large reduction in the formation of the bacteria on the vaccinated students’ teeth. However, after those 42 days, the results started to look similar to the control group that did not receive the immunization. Although this seemed like failure, the scientists realized that adults were not the right group of which to be experimented. Like many other vaccines, the cavity vaccine had to be given to the children (Kranz, n.d.).
            Most vaccines are given to children so that the risk of getting infections is lowered for their future life. Since the mutans streptococci bacteria starts growing when a child is 18 to 36 months in age, the scientists decided to target younger people, mainly in the 12 to 24 month age group (Kranz, n.d.). The scientists are currently putting their vaccine into a kid-friendly format, which involves vaccination through the mouth. If they succeed, filling dental caries can be reduced, if not completely removed, from the human’s to-do list (Kranz, n.d.).
            As wild as it may sound, dental caries have a profound effect on our country also in a political way. If dental healthcare spending was removed from the budget, the U.S. would save billions of dollars annually. Worldwide, it is estimated that five billion people suffer from tooth decay (Shivakumar, 2009). A vaccine would also be cheaper than purchasing dental care and cleaning materials (Kranz, n.d.). A vaccine would also help people in many poor countries where dental care is not available (Hemphill, 2004).
            That little boy going to the dentist could be saved from the fear he will experience with the implementation of this dental caries vaccine. A chance for cavity immunity would be cheaper for everyone, from the poor to the well-off. However, how would this affect dentists? Would dentists lose patients and money, or would they still be needed on our society? Sometimes too clean can be bad, but the risk might be worthy if it leads to the reduction of dental caries. I know that I’d be very pleased if I didn’t have to see another needle or dental object put into my mouth again.

Literature Cited

Kranz, R. (n.d.). Imagine…a world without cavities. Retrieved from
http://whatayear.org/01_07.html

Brown, J. R. (2002, January-February). Vaccine for tooth decay. Retrieved from
http://harvardmagazine.com/2002/01/vaccine-for-tooth-decay.html

Robinson, E. (2007, February 23). Is there a cavity vaccine?.
Retrieved from http://www.scienceline.org/2007
/02/ask-hsu-cavities/

Hemphill, L. (2004, March 13). Dental caries vaccine?. Retrieved from
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/6524.php

Shivakumar KM, Vidya SK, Chandu GN, Initials. (2009). Dental caries vaccine. Indian
Journal of Dental Research, 20(1), 99-106.